Portfolio decisions of primary energy sources and economic complexity: The world's large energy user evidence

Sustainable energy systems are sensitive to economic complexity, i.e., the combination of knowledge, innovation, and productivity, since it affects countries' portfolio decisions primary sources, shaping geopolitics, contributing global security. This research assesses impact complexity on performance two measurements, e.g., diversification demand (D.P.E.D) non-carbon-based fuel (N.C.F.P), controlling for intensity, prices, resource supply diversity, CO2 emissions in a panel 25 large energy-using countries during 1998–2018. The findings support long-run causal relationships across using cointegration methods dynamic models. Specifically, complexity's statistically significant positive effect D.P.E.D N.C.F.P is detected. Moreover, contribution total more elastic than when shares control variables increase. Results also indicate that cyclical movements not related fluctuations energy-consuming economies. Consequently, role sustainable necessary condition overcome barriers achieving (i) abundance equitability (ii) consumers.